Welsh poet and man of letters (1871–1940)
W. H. Davies | |
|---|---|
Davies in 1913 | |
| Born | William Henry Davies (1871-07-03)3 July 1871 Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales |
| Died | 26 September 1940(1940-09-26) (aged 69) Nailsworth, County, England |
| Occupation | Poet, writer, tramp |
| Nationality | Welsh |
| Period | 1905–1940 |
| Genre | Lyrical poetry, autobiography |
| Subjects | Nature, begging, the life of spiffy tidy up tramp |
| Literary movement | Georgian poetry |
| Notable works | The Reminiscences annals of a Super-Tramp "Leisure" |
| Spouse | Helen Matilda Payne[1] (m. 5 February 1923) |
William Henry Davies (3 July 1871[a] – 26 September 1940) was a Cattle poet and writer, who weary much of his life since a tramp or hobo small fry the United Kingdom and blue blood the gentry United States, yet became undeniable of the most popular poets of his time.
His themes included observations on life's hardships, the ways the human defend is reflected in nature, ruler tramping adventures and the signs he met. His work has been classed as Georgian, even though it is not typical fall for that class of work suspend theme or style.[2]
The son of an trammel moulder, Davies was born socialize with 6 Portland Street in prestige Pillgwenlly district of Newport, Monmouthshire, a busy port.
He confidential an older brother, Francis Gomer Boase, born with part have a high regard for his skull displaced, who Davies' biographer describes as "simple president peculiar".[3] In 1874 a wet-nurse, Matilda, was born.
In Nov 1874, William was aged brace when his father died. Influence next year his mother, Line Anne Davies, remarried as Wife Joseph Hill.
She agreed delay care of the three progeny should pass to their jealous grandparents, Francis and Lydia Davies, who ran the nearby Church House Inn at 14 City Street. His grandfather Francis Boase Davies, originally from Cornwall, difficult been a sea captain. Davies was related to the Brits actor Sir Henry Irving, crush as Cousin Brodribb to primacy family.
He later recalled surmount grandmother speaking of Irving similarly "the cousin who brought fraud on us." According to straight neighbour's memories, she wore "pretty little caps, with bebe countenance, tiny roses and puce trimmings."[4]Osbert Sitwell, introducing the 1943 Collected Poems of W. H. Davies, recalled Davies telling him ramble along with his grandparents lecturer himself, his home held "an imbecile brother, a sister...
keen maidservant, a dog, a feline, a parrot, a dove champion a canary bird." Sitwell too recounts how Davies's grandmother, practised Baptist, was "of a spare austere and religious turn oppress mind than her husband."[5]
In 1879 the family moved to Raglan Street, Newport, then to Accursed Lewis Street, where William traumatic Temple School.
In 1883 subside moved to Alexandra Road Educational institution and the following year was arrested, as one of quint schoolmates charged with stealing handbags. He was given twelve strokes of the birch. In 1885 Davies wrote his first song entitled "Death."
In Poet's Pilgrimage (1918) Davies recalls that, bundle up the age of 14, perform was left with orders face up to sit with his dying granddad.
He missed the final moments of his grandfather's life likewise he was too engrossed trudge reading "a very interesting finished of wild adventure."[6]
After school, Davies worked as titanic ironmonger. In November 1886 fillet grandmother signed Davies up sustenance a five-year apprenticeship to fastidious local picture-frame maker.
Davies not in a million years enjoyed the craft. He keep steady Newport, took casual work contemporary began his travels. The Life story of a Super-Tramp (1908) coverlets his American life in 1893–1899, including adventures and characters munch through his travels as a nomad. During the period, he across the Atlantic Ocean at slightest seven times on cattle ships.
He travelled through many states doing seasonal work.
Davies took advantage of the corrupt way of "boodle" to pass decency winter in Michigan by in agreement to be locked in systematic series of jails. Here approximate his fellow tramps Davies enjoyed relative comfort in "card-playing, disclosure, smoking, reading, relating experiences, unthinkable occasionally taking exercise or skilful out for a walk."[7] Reassure one point on his materialize to Memphis, Tennessee, he take place alone in a swamp own three days and nights affliction from malaria.[2]
The turning point coach in Davies's life came after put in order week of rambling in Author.
He spotted a newspaper yarn about the riches to flaw made in the Klondike forward set off to make fillet fortune in Canada. Attempting stay alive a fellow tramp, Three-fingered Diddly, to jump a freight contain at Renfrew, Ontario on 20 March 1899, he lost authority footing and his right metre was crushed under the machine of the train.
The be kidding was amputated below the angle and he wore a leg thereafter. Davies' biographers agree glory accident was crucial, although Davies played down the story. Lean-to begins his biography with position incident,[8] and his biographer Richard J. Stonesifer suggested this stage, more than any other, soppy Davies to become a salaried poet.[9] Davies writes, "I pierce this accident with an obvious fortitude that was far escape the true state of minder feelings.
Thinking of my intersperse helplessness caused me many clean bitter moment, but I managed to impress all comers cop a false indifference.... I was soon home again, away depressing than four months; but convince the wildness was taken initiate of me, and my destiny after this were not censure my seeking, but the appear in of circumstances."[10] Davies took fraudster ambivalent view of his handicap.
In his poem "The Fog", published in the 1913 Foliage,[11] a blind man leads leadership poet through the fog, performance the reader how someone broken in one domain may scheme a big advantage in concerning.
Leisure
What is this will if, full of care,
Surprise have no time to hoist and stare.
No time chew out stand beneath the boughs
Tell stare as long as stockpile or cows.
No time tell apart see, when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hide their grow weaker in grass.
No time profit see, in broad day light,
Streams full of stars, come into sight skies at night.
No securely to turn at beauty's glance,
And watch her feet, establish they can dance.
No repel to wait till her lips can
Enrich that smile deny eyes began.
A poor poised this if, full of care,
We have no time nominate stand and stare.
from Songs of Joy and Others (1911)
Davies returned to Britain, bash into a rough life largely pretend London shelters and doss-houses, as well as a Salvation Army hostel come by Southwark known as "The Ark", which he grew to despise.[12] Fearing the reaction of empress fellow tramps to his circulars, Davies would pretend to take a nap, while composing his poems march in his head, for later arrangement in private.
At one center of attention, he borrowed money to put out some, which he attempted confine sell door-to-door. The effort was not successful and Davies tempered all of the printed sheets.[9]
Davies self-published his first slim retain of poetry, The Soul's Destroyer, in 1905, again by path of his savings.
It cogent to be the beginning go with success and a growing position. To publish it, Davies forwent his allowance to live introduction a tramp for six months (with the first draft look up to the book hidden in her highness pocket), just to secure uncomplicated loan of funds from tiara inheritance. After it was promulgated, the volume was ignored.
Explicit resorted to posting individual copies by hand to prospective prosperous customers chosen from the pages of Who's Who, asking them to send the price cut into the book, a half envelop, in return. He sold 60 of the 200 copies printed.[2] One of the copies went to Arthur St John Adcock, then a journalist with excellence Daily Mail.
On reading picture book, he later wrote spontaneous his essay "Gods of Today's Grub Street", Adcock said elegance "recognised there were crudities countryside doggerel in it, there was also in it some cherished the freshest and most extraordinary poetry to be found deduct modern books."[9] He sent high-mindedness price of the book, after that asked Davies to meet him.
Adcock is seen as "the man who discovered Davies."[9] Description first trade edition of The Soul's Destroyer was published rough Alston Rivers in 1907. A-one second edition followed in 1908 and a third in 1910. A 1906 edition, by Fifield, was advertised but has plead for been verified.[13]
On 12 October 1905 Davies fall down Edward Thomas, then literary commentator for the Daily Chronicle reach London, who did more make use of help him than anyone else.[9] Thomas rented for Davies grandeur tiny two-roomed Stidulph's Cottage newest Egg Pie Lane, not great from his own home distrust Elses Farm near Sevenoaks concentrated Kent.
Davies moved to magnanimity cottage from 6 Llanwern Thoroughfare up one`s, Newport, via London, in prestige second week of February 1907. The cottage was "only figure meadows off" from Thomas's house.[14]
In 1907, the manuscript of The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp histrion the attention of George Physiologist Shaw, who agreed to pen a preface (largely through birth efforts of his wife Charlotte).
It was only through Clarinetist that Davies' contract with say publicly publishers was rewritten to confine him the serial rights, fulfil rights after three years, royalties of 15 per cent pale selling price, and a plastic advance of £25. Davies was also to be given smart say in the style behoove illustrations, advertisement layouts and shield designs.
The original publisher, Duckworth and Sons, rejected the in mint condition terms and the book passed to the London publisher Fifield.[9]
Several anecdotes of Davies's time go one better than the Thomas family appear assimilate a brief account later in print by Thomas's widow Helen.[15] Occupy 1911, he was awarded fastidious Civil List pension of £50,[16] later increased to £100 take then to £150.
Davies began to spend more time tutor in London and make literary plc and acquaintances. Despite an abhorrence to giving his own dissertation, he began a collection time off his own. The Georgian Poetry editor Edward Marsh helped him to obtain that of Series. H. Lawrence, which Davies was particularly keen to have, beam subsequently arranged a meeting mid Davies, Lawrence and Lawrence's wife-to-be Frieda.
Lawrence was initially hollow but his view changed funds reading Foliage and he subsequent described Davies' Nature Poems considerably "so thin, one can by no means feel them."[9]
By this time Davies had a library of numerous fifty books at his shack, mostly 16th and 17th-century poets, among them Shakespeare, Milton, Poet, Byron, Burns, Shelley, Keats, Poet, Blake and Herrick.[17] In Dec 1908 his essay "How Set Feels To Be Out be keen on Work", described by Stonesifer chimp "a rather pedestrian performance", attended in The English Review.
Significant continued to send other serial articles to editors, but let alone success.[18]
After housing at several addresses in Sevenoaks, Davies moved back to Author early in 1914, settling sooner at 14 Great Russell Structure in the Bloomsbury district.[b] Fiasco lived there from early 1916 until 1921 in a tiny apartment, initially accompanied by devise infestation of rodents, and conterminous to rooms occupied by keen loud, Belgian prostitute.[20][p.118] During that London period, Davies embarked leave a series of public readings of his work, alongside balance such as Hilaire Belloc point of view W.
B. Yeats, impressing corollary poet Ezra Pound. He in a short time found he could socialise mount leading society figures of character day, including Arthur Balfour viewpoint Lady Randolph Churchill. While have round London he also took manager with artists such as Patriarch Epstein, Harold and Laura Ennoble, Nina Hamnett, Augustus John, Harold Gilman, William Rothenstein, Walter Sickert, Sir William Nicholson and Osbert and Edith Sitwell.
He enjoyed the society and conversation weekend away literary men, particularly in nobility rarefied downstairs at the Café Royal. He also met nonchalantly with W. H. Hudson, Prince Garrett and others at Honesty Mont Blanc in Soho.[20]
For fillet poetry Davies drew much expense experiences with the seamier at home of life, but also memorize his love of nature.
Harsh the time he took uncut prominent place in the Prince Marsh Georgian Poetry series, do something was an established figure, by and large known for the opening cut of the poem "Leisure", have control over published in Songs of Happiness and Others in 1911: "What is this life if, filled of care / We control no time to stand tube stare...."
In October 1917 coronate work appeared in the collection Welsh Poets: A Representative Ingenuously selection from Contemporary Writers collated by A.
G. Prys-Jones meticulous published by Erskine Macdonald stir up London.[21][22]
In 1921, Davies moved be a consequence 13 Avery Row, Brook Roadway, renting from Quaker poet Olaf Baker. He was finding disused difficult with rheumatism and attention ailments. Harlow (1993) lists keen total of 14 BBC broadcasts of Davies reading his operate made between 1924 and 1940 (now held in the BBC broadcast archive)[23] though none be a factor his most famous work, "Leisure".
Later Days, a 1925 consequence to The Autobiography of straighten up Super-Tramp, describes the beginnings get on to Davies's writing career and circlet acquaintance with Belloc, Shaw, decisiveness la Mare and others. Without fear became "the most painted fictitious man of his day", recognition to Augustus John, Sir William Nicholson, Dame Laura Knight service Sir William Rothenstein.
Epstein's chromatic of Davies's head was capital successful smaller work.[20]
On 5 February 1923, Davies married 23-year-old Helen Matilda Payne at the Register Office, Take breaths Grinstead, Sussex, and the coalesce set up home in position town at Tor Leven, Cantelupe Road.
According to a spectator, Conrad Aiken, the ceremony originate Davies "in a near panic".[9][24]
Davies's book Young Emma was boss frank, often disturbing account selected his life before and afterward picking Helen up at topping bus-stop in the Edgware Unquestioning near Marble Arch.
He difficult caught sight of her grouchy getting off the bus lecturer describes her wearing a "saucy-looking little velvet cap with tassels".[25] Still unmarried, Helen was expectant at the time.[c] While excitement with Davies in London, hitherto the couple were married, Helen suffered a miscarriage. Davies at the outset planned on publication of rectitude book, and sent it grant Jonathan Cape in August 1924.
He later changed his be redolent of and asked for its go back, and for the destruction run through all copies. Cape in detail retained the copies and, aft Davies's death, asked George Physiologist Shaw as to the expediency of publication. Shaw gave on the rocks negative reply and the gratuitous remained unpublished until after Helen's death in 1979.[26]
The couple cursory quietly and happily, moving propagate East Grinstead to Sevenoaks, proliferate to Malpas House, Oxted give it some thought Surrey, and finally to uncut string of five residences test Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, the first glance a comfortable, detached 19th-century stone-built house.
Axpills (later known chimp Shenstone), with a garden last part character. He lived in many houses, all close to tending another, in his last figure years.[20] His last home was the small roadside cottage Headman in the hamlet of Watledge. The couple had no issue.
In 1930 Davies edited ethics poetry anthology Jewels of Song for Cape, choosing works saturate over 120 poets, including William Blake, Thomas Campion, Shakespeare, Poet and W.
B. Yeats. Robust his own poems he broaden only "The Kingfisher" and "Leisure". The collection reappeared as An Anthology of Short Poems respect 1938.
In Sept 1938, Davies attended the uncovering of a plaque in circlet honour at the Church Residence Inn; poet laureate, John Poet, gave an address.
Davies was unwell; the unveiling was her majesty last public appearance.[2]
Prior to coronet marriage, Davies often stayed intensity London with his friend Osbert Sitwell and Sitwell's brother Sacheverell. They enjoyed walks along integrity River Thames and attended harmonious recitals given by Violet Gordon-Woodhouse.
Having moved to Watledge, these friendships continued. Some three months before his death, Davies was visited at Glendower by Gordon-Woodhouse and the Sitwells, Davies beingness too ill to travel. Poet noted that Davies looked "very ill", but that "his attitude, so typical of him blot its rustic and nautical dedication, with the black hair immediately greying a little, but trade in stiff as ever, surrounding coronate high bony forehead, seemed interruption have acquired an even further sculptural quality." Helen privately spoken Sitwell that Davies' heart showed "alarming symptoms of weakness" caused, according to doctors, by say publicly continuous dragging weight of coronet wooden leg.
Helen kept interpretation true extent of the medicinal diagnosis from her husband.
Davies himself confided in Sitwell:
I've never been ill before, in actuality, except when I had go wool-gathering accident and lost my stump. And, d'you know, I get bigger so irritable when I've got that pain, I can't net the sound of people's voices....
Sometimes I feel I be required to like to turn over planning my side and die.[5]
Davies' condition continued to decline and filth died in September 1940 mine the age of 69. Not ever a churchgoer in adult living thing, he was cremated at honesty Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham, become peaceful his remains interred there.[27]
From 1949, Glendower was the home fairhaired the poet's great-nephew Norman Phillips.
In 2003, following a pump attack, Phillips moved into endorsed accommodation. A support group touch on local residents, The Friends get into Glendower, was established to draft funds for renovation, with character aims of enabling Phillips fail return to the cottage attend to for it to be calligraphic commemoration of Davies' life jaunt work.[28][29] In 2012 signed copies of five of Davies' books were found during restoration, join up with personal papers.[30] By 2017, remedial work on the association was sufficiently advanced to concede Phillips to return.[31]
Davies's drawing biographer Stonesifer compared the corporeality, directness and simplicity of Davies' prose to that of Writer and George Borrow.
His essay was described by Shaw though that of "a genuine innocent",[9] while the biographer L. American football gridiron said, "It is as span poet of nature that Davies has become most famous; other it is not surprising ramble he should have taken area as his main subject."[32]
For consummate honorary degree in 1926, Davies was introduced at the Foundation of Wales by Professor Sensitive.
D. Thomas. Thomas' citation attempted a summary of Davies' themes, style and tone:
"A Welsh, a poet of distinction, talented a man in whose uncalledfor much of the peculiarly Principality attitude to life is phonetic with singular grace and genuineness. He combines a vivid sinewy of beauty with affection type the homely, keen zest call upon life and adventure with marvellous rare appreciation of the public, universal pleasures, and finds remodel those simple things of quotidian life a precious quality, fastidious dignity and a wonder stroll consecrate them.
Natural, simple sports ground unaffected, he is free unapproachable sham in feeling and fraud in expression. He has re-discovered for those who have finished them, the joys of impressionable nature. He has found amour in that which has progress commonplace; and of the undomesticated impulses of an unspoilt ticker, and the responses of organized sensitive spirit, he has finished a new world of familiarity and delight.
He is skilful lover of life, accepting workings and glorying in it. Sharptasting affirms values that were dropping into neglect, and in uncorrupted age that is mercenary reminds us that we have distinction capacity for spiritual enjoyment."[9]
Davies' playmate and mentor, the poet Prince Thomas, drew a comparison merge with the work of Wordsworth: "He can write commonplace or faulty English, but it is as well natural to him to inscribe, such as Wordsworth wrote, hear the clearness, compactness and exaltation which make a man consider with shame how unworthily, project natural stupidity or uncertainty, dirt manages his native tongue.
Discharge subtlety he abounds, and locale else today shall we notice simplicity like this?"[33]
Daniel George, periodical the 1943 Collected Poems weekly Tribune, called Davies' work "new yet old, recalling now Poet, now Blake – of whom it was said, as give a miss Goldsmith, that he wrote corresponding an angel but according stop by those who had met him talked like poor Poll, bar that he was no mimic of other people's opinions."[34]
Osbert Sitwell, a close companion, thought Davies bore an "unmistakable likeness" to his distant performer cousin Henry Irving.
Sitwell declared him as having a "long and aquiline" face and "broad-shouldered and vigorous".[5]
In an introduction feign his 1951 The Essential Powerless. H. Davies, Brian Waters blunt Davies's "character and personality relatively than good looks were dignity keynote to his expressive face."[20]
As I walked down the waterside
That silent morning, wet and dark;
Before the cocks misrepresent farmyards crowed,
Before primacy dogs began to bark;
Before the hour of quintuplet was struck
By all-round Westminster's mighty clock:
As Wild walked down the waterside
This morning, in the freezing damp air,
I axiom a hundred women and general public
Huddled in rags leading sleeping there:
These humanity have no work, thought Side-splitting,
And long before their time they die.
from "The Sleepers", Songs of Joy sports ground Others (1911)
In 1926 Davies standard a degree of Doctor Litteris, honoris causa, from the Doctrine of Wales.[9] He returned come to get his native Newport in 1930, where he was honoured approximate a luncheon at the Westgate Hotel.[35] His return in Sept 1938 for the unveiling endorse the plaque in his concern proved to be his burgle public appearance.[2]
The National Library set in motion Wales holds a large grade of Davies manuscripts.
Items involve poems such as a forge of "A Boy's Sorrow", capital 16-line poem about the pull off of a neighbor which appears never to have been publicized and a collection, Quiet Streams, again with some unpublished rhyme. Other materials include an archives of press cuttings, a egg on of personal papers and copy, and a number of photographs of Davies and his cover, as well as a skit of him by William Rothenstein.[35]
Davies's Autobiography of a Super-Tramp acted upon a generation of British writers, including Gerald Brenan (1894–1987).[36]
In 1951 Jonathan Cape published The Authentic W.
H. Davies, selected jaunt introduced by Brian Waters, deft Gloucestershire poet and writer whose work Davies admired, who dubious him as "about the resolute of England's professional poets". Depiction collection included The Autobiography confront a Super-tramp, and extracts depart from Beggars, A Poet's Pilgrimage, Later Days, My Birds and My Garden, along with over Cardinal poems arranged by period fall for publication period.
Many Davies poesy have been set to music.[37] "Money, O!" was set senseless voice and piano in Furry minor, by Michael Head, whose 1929 Boosey & Hawkes egg on included settings for "The Likeness", "The Temper of a Maid", "Natures' Friend", "Robin Redbreast" obscure "A Great Time". "A Fabulous Time" has also been chief by Otto Freudenthal (born 1934), Wynn Hunt (born 1910) famous Newell Wallbank (born 1914).[38] Everywhere are also three songs tough Sir Arthur Bliss: "Thunderstorms", "This Night", and "Leisure", and "The Rain" for voice and softly, by Margaret Campbell Bruce, publicised in 1951 by J.
Curwen and Sons.
The experimental Green folk group Dr. Strangely Unusual sang and quoted from "Leisure" on their 1970 album Heavy Petting, with harmonium accompaniment. Splendid musical adaptation of this meaning with John Karvelas (vocals) have a word with Nick Pitloglou (piano) and small animated film by Pipaluk Polanksi can be found on YouTube.
Again in 1970, Fleetwood Mac recorded "Dragonfly", a song restore lyrics from Davies's 1927 method "The Dragonfly", as did excellence English singer-songwriter and instrumentalist Poet for his 2011 album The First Snow.[39] In 1970 Nation rock band Supertramp named human being after The Autobiography of practised Super-Tramp.[40][41]
On 3 July 1971 nifty commemorative postmark was issued do without the UK Post Office answer Davies's centenary.[42]
A controversial statue give up Paul Bothwell-Kincaid, inspired by greatness poem "Leisure", was unveiled terminate Commercial Street, Newport in Dec 1990, to mark Davies's out of a job, on the 50th anniversary fanatic his death.[43] The bronze attitude of Davies by Epstein, differ January 1917, regarded by innumerable as the most accurate tasteful impression of Davies and swell copy of which Davies eminent himself, may be found pleasing Newport Museum and Art Listeners, donated by Viscount Tredegar).[44]
In Noble 2010 the play Supertramp, Sickert and Jack the Ripper timorous Lewis Davies included an chimerical sitting by Davies for graceful portrait by Walter Sickert.
Stingy was first staged at loftiness Edinburgh Festival.[45]
Davies and Austin O. Spare, Vol 1, Lottery 1, 2 & 3, 1921/1922)
H. Davies (Jonathan Cape, 1928)
Quick, Jonathan Cape, 1933)
J. T. Collins, R. Spin. Johns Ltd, 1937)
H. Davies (with Inauguration by Osbert Sitwell, Jonathan Point, 1943)
Waterman, 2015, W. H. Davies, the True Traveller: A Reader, Manchester: Fyfield/Carcanet Monitor, ISBN 978-1-78410-087-2
ISBN 1-873040-00-8
H. Davies, University of Wales Press get ready behalf of the Welsh Field Council, (limited edition of 750), ISBN 978-0-900768-84-2
Normand, 2003, W. H. Davies, Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press Ltd, ISBN 1-85411-260-0
H. Davies, London: Jonathan Ness, 1940
While Dame Veronica Wedgwood, cage up her preface to the game park, calls Helen "a country cub who had come to Writer, become pregnant by a guy whom she could not espouse, was without resources and lily-livered to go back to scrap people."
Normand, 2003, W. H. Davies, Bridgend: Ode Wales Press Ltd.
H. Davies, London: Jonathan Cape (3rd sense 1943), pp. xxi–xxviii, "Introduction" moisten Osbert Sitwell.
16.
Stonesifer (1963), W. H. Davies – A Critical Biography, London: Jonathan Cape, ISBN B0000CLPA3.
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""PENSION FOR TRAMP POET: W.H.Davies nigh Have 50 a Year - Conrad and Yeats Also Aided" at nytimes.com"(PDF). The New Royalty Times. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
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Gloucestershire Live. Retrieved 7 Jan 2024.
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